This video describes numerous types of bacteria as they grow in a Winogradsky column.
Sunday, 14 December 2014
week 3
INTRODUCTION
Winogradsky column is a replica creates natural environments for bacterial growth. Some of the microbes produce metabolic by products that others require for survival. Its application is just same as pond mud contains a diverse community of interdependent microbes. On top of that, winogradsky column also creating as an ideal environment to study various nutrient cycles.However, since we are dealing with an anerobic environment we mostly examine the sulphur cycle.
In winogradsky column many organisms evolved to attain nutrients via chemosynthesis creating what we call nutrient cycles.In these cycles consumers and producers will work together to maintain homeostatic concentrations at each part of the cycle.
At each level, the different organisms process the same substances in different forms. Each by product is then will be subsequently used by a consumer at the next level. This eventually leads to the original chemical or gas being restored to the atmosphere in its usable form. At the top of the column low O2 and high H2S are forms. Meanwhile higher O2 and H2S are is at the top.
RESULTS
From the observation, the column standing in the sun the layer or zonal appearance is difference look week by week. Most of the column presence of olive green by the chlorobium bacteria, and the growth of algae. Not all column presence of reddish colour and rusty orange colour.
Black patches in the column are due to FeS2 produced by Desulfvibrio bacteria. Black was the most abundant colour which had sulphur added, and sulphur is actually suitable for the growth of Desulfvibrio. From this experiment huge masses of Black patches can be seen appeared in the blank winogradsky column. A black layer normally began to form after green mucus like mass appeared in its stead under the mold.
The next most abundant color is green. It appeared in those winogradsky column (blank, oil, fertilizer, and also heavy metal). The most abundant green patches is in fertilizer and heavy metal column and might be the excessive growth of algae.
Red and orange colour appeared abundantly in oil, fertilizer and heavy metal column but not in blank column. It is possibly or probably due to the bacteria Chromatium. It uses H2S produced by Desulfvibrio,and requires light. It is not clear why Chromatium absent from the blank column.
Purple patches presence the most in the oil column. For oil column, at the top the orange masses floating in the water. The layer became even more distinct from each other week by week.
DISCUSSION
Even just in a short period of time, typical bacteria communities will grow in the column. This means the column may have several useful applications in the investigation of bacterial requirements or the study of ecological relationships in bacterial communities.
Winogradsky identified specific layers in this columns. Desulfvibrio close to the bottom, with Chlorobium just above it and Chromatium just above Chlorobium. Then the rust brown complexes would be present in the watery layer.
Some of the substances added for instance, oil, fertilizer and heavy metal might have helping the growth of bacteria . Heavymetals and rain may affect certain species of soil bacteria. Desulfvibrio in the column added fertilizer, it is possible that the fertilizer inhibited the growth of other species.
Obligatory anaerobic bacteria at the bottom of the column will breakdown the cellulose into its glucose bases, further breaking them down by means of fermentation. Other bacteria might be respiring using this compounds(in the column) to reduce thesulphate from the eggs. These processes quickly deplete any remaining oxygen at the bottom of the column. Any bacteria release hydrogen sulphide as a by product of said sulfate reduction. Therefore, causes a concentration gradient in the column between oxygen and hydrogen sulphide. The hydrogen sulphide is the picked up by photosynthetic bacteria that use sulphur asa reducer. Finally, different bacteria might be competitors for a limited resource.
CONCLUSION
The end of the experiment the layers should became even more distinct from each other. the column distinct layers may presence of a light very textured green layer, a darker more solid layer, a dark purple layer, a slightly lighter purple layer, a white layer, a green tinged water layer and mold growing on top. The higher green layer and the lower purple layer took up the largest combined portion of the column.
By allowing the winogradsky column for a few weeks is significantly affect the presence or absence of different microbes or even the area covered by microbes.
REFERENCE
Deborah.B. et al. (2001). Building a winogradsky column National Aeronautics and space administration. Accessed on 12 November 2014 from;www.mbari.org/earth/2013/resources/educator_guide.pdf.
Julia.S and et al. (2002). Early stage microbial growth in winogradsky plates an alternative to using column. Journal of Honors Lab Investigations 2(1): 25 - 30.
Rosenberg.D and et al. (2010). Microbial growth in areas of varying aerobic and substrate conditions.
Figure 1: Winogradsky Column added with fertilizer (bottom)
Figure 2: Winogradsky column added with fertrilizer (top)
Figure 3: Winogradsky column added with oil (top)
Figure 4: Winogradsky column (oil)
Figure 5: Winogradsky column ( heavy metal)
Figure 6: Winogradsky Column (Blank)
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